If
you have beautiful softwood floors, why would you want to cover them or add anything?
Unfortunately, the answer often lies in the condition of the floorboards themselves.
There may be gaps between the boards which trap dirt and can let in drafts. The
boards may be split, warped, or rotten, or have deep nail holes in them. Sometimes
the supporting joists may have weakened, or they may be suffering from woodworm
or dry rot.
In
the case of woodworm and/or dry rot, remedial work including chemical spraying
and replacement of damaged wood is essential, whatever type of flooring you are
installing. If you want floorboards as your floor covering, all of the existing
boards that are rotted or worm-eaten must be replaced.
Fortunately,
there are ways to cure most other floorboard defects.
Gaps:
Small individual gaps between floorboards need to be filled with wood filler,
stained papier mache, or slivers of wood, glued in place and planed down to the
level of the surrounding boards.
Large
gaps or gaps between all the boards are more difficult. Often it's best to lift
the whole floor and re-lay it. A floorboard clamp or wooden wedges force the boards
together until they are nailed in place. This leaves a big gap at the end which
must be filled with an extra floorboard.
Warped
boards: In time, floorboards can cup - curl up along the long edges. An industrial
floor sander is ideal for getting rid of this. Working diagonally across the floor
with coarse abrasive paper quickly removes the raised edges.
Damaged
boards: Individual boards can be replaced, the only problem being that modern
boards may be slightly different in size from older boards, which may mean some
adjustment or cutting away of the board and/or joist.
Loose
boards: Where the nails holding a board have become loose, the answer is to
replace them with screws, which secure the board and stop it squeaking. Protruding
nail heads should be hammered down with a nail punch, and nail and screw holes
must be filled, before sanding.
Painted/waxed
boards: Where floorboards have several years worth of paint, grime, or wax
on them, it's best to clean them before stripping them. Steel wool and mineral
spirits remove a build-up of wax polish and grime. An industrial floor sander,
fitted with a medium abrasive paper followed by a fine paper and worked along
the length of the boards, smooths off the surface. Finishing around the edges
requires a hand-held sander.
Protective
varnish: With the gaps filled, the floor repaired and its surface sanded,
the wooden boards need at least three coats of polyurethane floor sealer. Water-based
types have less odor and are quicker drying than solvent-based ones.
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